Recent studies have pointed to the existence of a strong relationship between memory and mental representation, while others have shown that images are open to reinterpretation and manipulation; this volume offers a historical overview of the problem as well as a review of the research in psychology and related fields.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of pre-existing migraine in patients hospitalised and who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with the presence of post-coronavirus disease symptoms.BackgroundNo study has investigated the role of migraine as a risk factor for development of post-COVID symptoms.MethodsA case-control study including individuals hospitalised during the first wave of the pandemic was conducted. Patients with confirmed previous diagnosis of migraine were considered cases. Two age- and sex-matched individuals without a history of headache per case were (...) also recruited as controls. Hospitalisation/clinical data were collected from hospital medical records. Patients were scheduled for a telephone interview. A list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically evaluated, but participants were invited to freely report any symptom. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep quality. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were constructed.ResultsOverall, 57 patients with confirmed diagnosis of migraine and 144 non-migraine controls who had recovered from COVID-19 were assessed at 7.3 months after hospital discharge. The number of post-COVID symptoms in the migraine group was significantly greater than in the non-migraine group. Fatigue was significantly more prevalent in the migraine group. However, no between-groups difference in the prevalence of headache as a post-COVID symptom was detected.ConclusionPatients with a history of migraine who recovered from COVID-19 exhibited more long-term fatigue as post-COVID sequelae than those without migraine. Some of the pathophysiological changes associated with migraine could predispose to the occurrence of post-COVID symptoms. (shrink)

Cognition or higher brain activity is sometimes seen as a phenomenon greater than the sum of its parts. This viewpoint however is largely dependent on the state of the art of experimental techniques that endeavor to characterize morphology and its association to function. Retinal ganglion cells are readily accessible for this work and we discuss recent advances in computational techniques in identifying novel parameters that describe structural attributes possibly associated with specific function. These parameters are based on calculating wavelet gradients (...) from cell images followed by the extraction of meaningful measures including 2nd wavelet moment, entropy of orientation, and curvature. For the three cell types analyzed, the mean 2nd wavelet moment, which relates to the field of influence of the dendritic-tree segments was significantly different. cells had the highest mean 2nd wavelet moment, followed by the and cells (134 ± 22, 93 ± 19 and 63 ± 12, respectively). There was no significant difference between cells for entropy of orientation, indicating no class with a preferential orientation of their dendritic tree. Curvature provided similar results to the 2nd wavelet moment with cells having the highest curvature followed by and the cells (mean ± SD: 161 ± 15; 134 ± 22; 121 ± 15). Our feature space analysis also indicated a difference between these cell types. No difference was found between the and cell types and their physiological counterparts the Y and X cells based on wavelet analysis. Both the X and Y cells can be divided into two subtypes, the ON- and OFF-center cells based on the stratification level of the dendritic tree within the retina. Using 2nd wavelet moment, a difference in their morphological attributes, not reported previously, was noted for these subtypes. The 2nd wavelet moment and curvature are further discussed with respect to explaining regularity of spacing and coverage associated with retinal ganglion cell mosaics. (shrink)

Extant literature suggests a correlation between the thematic core of an adolescent’s personal account of depression and the trajectory of her personality development. This possible correlation has not been explored in a way that includes detailed qualitative analyses of reported experiences of adolescent depression. By discussing a single case design, this contribution illustrates and justifies an interpretative procedure that has been implemented to assist such an exploration. The paper focuses on the suitability of this approach for the investigation of all-encompassing (...) alterations of the experiential field in psychopathological conditions. I argue that this suitability is grounded in a phenomenological understanding of the explicative task in terms of a disclosure of the intentional constitution of the life-world of adolescent depression. The discussion begins with a contextualization of the single case design within a multilayered and methodologically mixed study. Against this background, I illustrate the steps of a ‘systematic of interpretation’ aimed at exposing meaning horizons. Touching on issues concerning the empirical validity of the approach, these meaning horizons are construed as objectively plausible frames of intelligibility of a subjectively particular form of experience. Drawing on a characterization of transcendental arguments, I discuss the relationship between the illustrated procedure and the investigational attitude that, according to Husserl, defines phenomenology as a properly philosophical endeavor. In this context, I eventually characterize the illustrated procedure as a crossover approach to human experiential life aligned with the tradition of phenomenological psychopathology. (shrink)

Se trata de una reseña bibliográfica del libro de Guerrero, Luis Juan Que es la belleza y otros ensayos, Buenos Aires, Biblos.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted medical care in many ways; previously, a patient would enter a hospital and had an approximate idea of what would happen upon his admission, the physician informed them about it, but in the last two years this scenario has changed. Therefore, our aim was to identify if bioethical principles are present in the physician–patient relationship and the effect of these in the health care provided, through an observational and descriptive study where patients answered the validated (...) ReMePaB questionnaire that measures the presence of bioethical principles in the physician–patient relationship, on the seventh day of their hospital stay and 24 h after discharge, during the period from 1 August to 5 November 2020. In autonomy, an improvement in the score was observed in the second application compared to the first measurement; in the principle of non-vulnerability, the same scenario was observed for the first and second measurements, respectively. In the principles of beneficence, dignity, and justice, no statistically significant differences were observed. Considering the presence or absence of bioethical aspects in health care in this pandemic creates an area of opportunity to know the feelings of the patient during the care received and to maintain what is done well and improve those aspects that can be improved. (shrink)

How does microbiota research impact our understanding of biological individuality? We summarize the interdisciplinary summer school on "Microbiota, Symbiosis and Individuality: Conceptual and Philosophical Issues" (July 2019), which was supported by a European Research Council starting grant project "Immunity, DEvelopment, and the Microbiota" (IDEM). The summer school centered around interdisciplinary group work on four facets of microbiota research: holobionts, individuality, causation, and human health. The conceptual discussion of cutting-edge empirical research provided new insights into microbiota and highlights the value of (...) incorporating into meetings experts from other disciplines, such as philosophy and history of science. (shrink)

This paper reviews briefly the reception of the Arabic philosophy in the Latin West and it analyzes the work of Henri Corbin entitled Histoire de la philosophie islamique, in which the author identifies the philosophy realized in the Arab world with the Islamic religion, offering a very personal and particular vision of that philosophy.

Este artigo tece considerações sobre antinegritude e a distingue do racismo, expondo a falsa universalidade do Social e do Humano: o racismo ocorre no Social entre os Humanos, enquanto a antinegritude continuamente expulsa os negros e a negritude dessas categorias modernas fundamentais cujas definições derivam da expulsão violenta. Para delinear a discussão, o artigo analisa dois textos paradigmáticos que se esforçam para lidar intransigentemente com a antinegritude, mas através da linguagem do racismo: George Yancey, Who Is White? e "The Combahee (...) River Collective Statement." O artigo conclui sugerindo a necessidade de um salto de invenção fanoniano e uma abrangente abolição. (shrink)

Los convulsos acontecimientos de estos últimos años han demostrado, a escala global, cuán enajenante es nuestra experiencia presente del tiempo. Las tendencias actuales de la teoría crítica y otros enfoques histórico-sociológicos insisten en el ritmo devorador de la aceleración (P. Virilio; H. Rosa) y en la reconfiguración temporal a partir del “presentismo” (Koselleck; F. Hartog). Sin embargo, sabemos que estas cuestiones distan de ser absolutamente nuevas, y que ya preocupaban a los filósofos y a los fenomenólogos en la primera mitad (...) del siglo XX. La publicación reciente de los últimos tratados del Ereignis y de los Cuadernos negros, redactados en los años 1930 y 1940, nos permite acceder a una reflexión original sobre lo que Heidegger nombra la maquinación o fabricación [Machenschaft]. Nos gustaría analizar la manera en la que, a partir de la fabricación, se puede replantear el sentido de nuestra experiencia temporal íntima frente a la situación moderna. Más concretamente, ahondaremos en las formas en las que la primacía de la fabricación funciona como cerrazón de posibilidades, llegando a impedir que pueda ocurrir algo realmente “histórico”. (shrink)

Con ocasión del 80 aniversario de la Universidad Iberoamericana y de su Departamento de Filosofía hemos querido recuperar y comentar uno de los dos primeros libros que se publicaron en lo que entonces se llamaba Centro Cultural Universitario. El libro que nos ocupa es fiel testimonio de la época en que fue publicado. Las conferencias del padre jesuita Ledit son ejemplo de la manera de entender la historia moderna y contemporánea de muchos pensadores católicos preconciliares. La cristiandad medieval había realizado (...) una síntesis con el pensamiento griego. La modernidad fue la paulatina separación de esta filosofía perenne abierta a la trascendencia, con el resultado de una razón soberbia y orgullosa de su finitud; una de sus consecuencias fueron los sistemas totalitarios de la primera mitad del siglo xx, los cuales en su confrontación llevaron al estallido de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. (shrink)

Ají jalapeño (Capsicum annuum L.) encurtido fue secado en aire caliente a 70°C, 50°C, y 35°C, y en cámara de refrigeración no frost (10°C); hallándose las curvas de cinética de secado, el tiempo de secado (19 h a 744 h), alta correlación entre tasa de humedad y tiempo de secado y entre temperatura y tiempo de secado; la difusividad efectiva (6.59E-11 m2.s-1 a 1.2176E-9 m2.s-1), la energía de activación (39.90 kJ/mol), los sólidos solubles, el pH, y la retención de vitamina (...) C de 133% a 10°C pero perdiéndose al menos el 50% de vitamina C al secar con aire caliente. (shrink)

Este artigo tem o propósito de destacar uma configuração simbólica do período renascentista e suas correspondentes práticas históricas. Investigaremos a marcas do mundo e o uso de símbolos no estabelecimento de vínculos humanos. A abordagem se conduzirá pela ordem das Similitudes, mediada pela leitura de Michel Foucault, trazendo ainda contribuições de Ernst H. Kantorowicz, com o estudo de Os Dois Corpos do Rei. Apresentaremos, em um contexto territorial, o cenário de um sistema político denominado macrofísica da soberania. Além de uma (...) exposição compenetrada na figura do rei soberano, daremos atenção à presença do modelo familiar patriarcal, ambos conectados, nesta análise, por um exercício de poder fortalecido pela propagação e circulação de marcas simbólicas no mundo. (shrink)

Resumen La literatura universal, se encuentra poblada de arquetípicos que comparten una condición de desamparo y marginalidad, siendo la literatura realista de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX la que constata y da cuenta de su condición. En un mismo sentido, también la Biblia presenta un sinnúmero de personajes similares, marcando un punto de inflexión al llamarlo bienaventurados. Así pues, el presente estudio bíblico-literario, se centra en el arquetipo de la “viuda pobre”, sosteniendo dicha ficción literaria es una clave interpretativa (...) de la realidad, a la luz de la teoría literaria de la Estética de la Recepción. El articulo estudia la “viuda pobre” como un imaginario cultural y estableciendo la recepción de dicho imaginario en los cuentos “El Chiflón del diablo” y “El pago” del escritor chileno Baldomero Lillo, demostrando cómo el dialogo entre cultura y Biblia representa un aporte a la comprensión de determinadas ficciones literarias como categorías antropológicas.Universal literature is crowded by archetypical characters who share abandonment and marginalization conditions, being second half 19,h century realistic literature that confirms and exposes those conditions. In that sense, The Holy Bible presents a number of those characters. Resides, it highlights a turning point, hence, The Beatitudes point out: “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven”. Thus, the following biblical-literary study, centered in the “Poor widow” archetype, aims to the establishment of literary fiction as interpretative key of reality, under Wolfgang Iser Aesthetics Reception's theory as its methodology. The objective aims to postulate “Poor Widow” as a Cultural imaginary, and finally to establish the reception of that imaginary within the stories “El Chiflón del Diablo” and “El Pago” by the chilean writer Baldomero Lillo, demonstrating that the dialog between culture and The Holy Bible represents a contribution to some literary fiction s as anthropological categories. (shrink)

The millennial interest in the fable told by Apuleius in The Golden Ass has produced periods of intense preoccupation. Of these uses of the legend none is more interesting, varied, and profound—none possesses greater implications for contemporary life and manners—than the obsessive concern of pre-Romantic and Romantic writers and artists. Hellenistic, Roman, and early Christian culture had produced at least twenty surviving statues of Psyche alone, some seven Christian sarcophagi that used the legend, and a set of mosaics on a (...) Christian ceiling in Rome from the early fourth century;1 and of course to late antiquity belongs the distinction of having produced the seminal telling of the tale by Apuleius in about A. D. 125. But what we possess from that remote time is thin and lacks the power to engage the modern spirit. The allegorizing and erotic responses made in the Renaissance, Mannerist, and Baroque culture produced monuments of painting that the later period cannot rival; but the impregnation of literature by the legend was slight, and the intellectual or moral content was often only a perfunctory and dutiful addendum. The revival of the story in the aesthetic movement of the late Victorians and early moderns has its examples of beauty, particularly in Rodin and in the lush harmonies and occasionally piercing melodies of César Franck's Psyché, a tone poem for chorus and orchestra; but the long retellings by Morris, Bridges, and John Jay Chapman oppress with luxuriant sweetness and remain of interest only as period pieces. · 1. See Elizabeth Hazelton Haight, Apuleius and His Influence , p. 164, and Maxime Collignon, "Essai sur les monuments grecs et romains . . . ," in Bibliothèque des écoles françaises d'Athène et de Rome , fasc. 2, pp. 285-446, esp. pp. 364, 436-38. Jean H. Hagstrum, John C. Shaffer Professor of English and Humanities at Northwestern University, is currently preparing a book on the theme of love in European literature and art from the mid-seventeenth century through the Romantic period. He is the author of books and articles on Blake and Samuel Johnson, and of The Sister Arts, a study of the relations of poetry and painting from antiquity through the eighteenth century. (shrink)

El artículo se propone indagar en la concepción de la «realidad» que tiene la sofística, como referente fundamental para entender mejor su propuesta crítica ante el avance que en esa época está teniendo la «filosofía dogmática» de tipo metafísica. En particular centrando el análisis en la invectiva que al respecto realiza Gorgias de Leontinos en los fragmentos conservados de dos de sus obras fundamentales: el tratado De lo que no es o de la naturaleza y el discurso Encomio de Helena. (...) Aquí se considera que esta es una posible ruta que permite reconstruir parte de su sediciosa propuesta filosófica. El núcleo fundamental que impulsa la reflexión gorgiana es la infranqueable distancia que separa la concepción de una supuesta «realidad en sí» del pensamiento y lenguaje; ante esta prerrogativa es factible entender el poder que le atribuye al logos para influir en las almas y acciones de los seres humanos, pero también en la capacidad del discurso para «hacer diciendo»; en este sentido perfila su perspectiva extrema de que las palabras estrictamente humanas en su fuerza performativa hacen factible «crear la realidad». (shrink)

Este artículo pretende contribuir en el establecimiento de algunos parámetros que permitan constituir una «metaforología» del superhombre nietzscheano, en tanto que se considera que la aplicación de una metaforología integradora permite comprender mejor el pensamiento crítico de la transvaloración de la filosofía de martillo nietzscheana; en particular el uso de la metáfora sediciosa como estrategia para pensar de otra forma la condición humana establecida por el nihilismo cristiano y las posibilidades creativas de la invectiva del superhombre frente a los retos (...) abiertos por la «muerte de Dios». (shrink)

Con motivo de los 150 años de la publicación de El nacimiento de la tragedia de F. Nietzsche, el presente artículo se propone revisar algunos de los principales aspectos que conforman el sustrato griego del que parte su específica propuesta sediciosa, en particular el uso que realiza de lo que denomina desde la primavera de 1885 la «filosofía de Dioniso», como marca indeleble del giro que en ese momento realiza su pensamiento. Sin embargo, la presencia de la desmesurada divinidad griega (...) del vino se manifiesta en sus deliberaciones aún antes de la publicación de su opera prima. Para una posible renovación de la filosofía se requiere que el filósofo consiga experimentar diversas formas de vivir, para conseguir darle el auténtico valora a la vida. Por eso, uno de los principales rasgos que significa este vuelco potenciador es sin duda retomando el hilo conductor del cuerpo, lo que se puede denominar la «filosofía de la animalidad» nietzscheana. (shrink)

When Jacques Lacan coined the term "méconnaisance" or "misrecognition," he was referring to the way in which a maturing subject comes to understand his or her encounter with his or her own reflection in the mirror—a psycho-developmental period also known as The Mirror Stage; this encounter, as Lacan theorized, leads to the emergence of an idealized projection of who the subject is. This "Ideal I" that emerges from this encounter with the virtual Other, that is nonetheless the Self, produces both (...) a recognition and a misrecognition of this "I".On the one hand, it produces a recognition of the Self as a coherent body in which this "I" is located. On the other hand, it takes us to a misrecognition of the... (shrink)

El problema que se pretende resolver en este texto es el aporte del diálogo filosófico como unaaventura y experiencia que cura. El texto se justifica toda vez que ante una experiencia filosófica enla que las preguntas fundamentales parecen ser la fuente del quehacer filosófico, aparece el diálogocomo una excelente oportunidad de transformar la existencia y curar los males que aquejan alhombre postmoderno. El objetivo del texto se enmarca en la experiencia vital del filósofo quese ha dedicado toda su vida a (...) dar respuesta a inquietudes existenciales pero que en los actualesmomentos le apuesta al diálogo como la mejor manera de curar los males que nos aquejan. Laexperiencia curativa desde el filosofar transforma al ser humano y lo prepara para enfrentarlas grandes problemáticas de su quehacer cotidiano. La metodología utilizada fue de enfoquedescriptivo en la que las fuentes permitieron acercarse a la argumentación dialógica del filosofar.La experiencia íntima de la filosofía se da gracias al diálogo filosófico que, más que método, es unaexperiencia que posibilita la relación conmigo mismo, con los otros y con las cosas a través de lapalabra, la razón y la sensación que surge en el devenir mismo del diálogo; esto es lo que lleva aentender el diálogo como una experiencia que cura y transforma. Por medio del diálogo filosófico,se logra un autoconocimiento que tiene el poder de curar, sanar, reparar y transformar a la personahumana, al “hombre de carne y hueso”. (shrink)

The article deals with the possibility of a critical history of truth in the thought of Michel Foucault, emphasizing its separation from the traditional relation between subject and knowledge of truth in favor of the articulation between historical practices and production of truth. It also emphasizes in which aspects his investigation is inserted in the critical project inaugurated by Kant and to what extent, paradoxically, it separates from it.O artigo versa sobre a possibilidade de uma história crítica da verdade no (...) pensamento de Michel Foucault, ressaltando seu distanciamento do vínculo tradicional entre sujeito e conhecimento da verdade em benefício da articulação entre práticas históricas e produção de verdade. Destaca ainda em que aspectos sua investigação está inserida no projeto crítico inaugurado por Kant e em que medida, paradoxalmente, dele se afasta. (shrink)

This essay deals with the energy crisis in the context of a philosophical reflection about the environment. The text presents a general view of the subject of energy and delves into the concepts of responsibility and care expressed by thinkers Hans Jonas and Martin Heidegger.

O presente artigo discute as noções de cálculo e medida na obra de Nietzsche, mais especificamente na transição do seu período inicial para o período intermediário. Com isso, nossa intenção é explicitar como tais noções que soam tão pouco dionisíacas – e consequentemente, nietzschianas – podem fazer parte do conjunto da obra de Nietzsche e, mais ainda, serem essenciais para a compreensão de seu pensamento. Para que esse objetivo fosse alcançado, foram necessários os desdobramentos de conceitos como paixões e criação (...) na obra nietzschiana, fazendo reaparecer características do conceito de apolíneo, que são praticamente despercebidos uma vez que o filósofo combina seus dois conceitos anteriores. Porém, ao fazer isso, ele compartilha conosco sua ideia de “criar a si mesmo como obra de arte”. Por fim, tentamos deixar claro que quando introduzimos tais noções como cálculo e medida em sua filosofia, isso jamais o faz parecer um filósofo racionalista ou moralista, isto é, alguém que busque apresentar e estabelecer determinadas regras e normas de conduta consideradas apropriadas. (shrink)

O artigo mostra como Michel Foucault se afasta da referência à Revolução para pensar a política moderna, principalmente desde que aquela passou a ser interpretada pelos parâmetros estalinistas do Partido Comunista. Em contrapartida, ele indica que o ponto de partida da política é constituído pelas resistências à governamentalidade observáveis na atitude crítica, nas contracondutas e nas insurreições. Esses operadores conceituais procuram ressaltar não as teorias e os sistemas propositivos de uma política justa, e sim a perspectiva dos próprios governados quando (...) buscam desprender-se das obediênciasconsentidas, bem como do silenciamento diante de ações governamentais intoleráveis. Nesse sentido, a política tem como nova referência os processos de subjetivação a partir dos quais buscamos nos tornar completamente outros em um mundo inteiramente outro. A essas experiências políticas de dessubjetivação e transformação de nós mesmos, detectáveis principalmente nos movimentos de contracondutas, Foucault deduz uma espiritualidade política, irredutível às avaliações das lutas em termos de êxito ou fracasso. (shrink)

No presente artigo pretendo apontar, primeiramente, a relação entre diagnóstico do presente e atitude crítica a partir do pensamento de Michel Foucault. Na sequência, indicarei que a noção de atitude crítica é ao mesmo tempo parceira e adversária da governamentalidade, no sentido de que ela designa uma arte plural de não ser governado de determinada maneira e pelos mesmos agentes, sem, contudo, se posicionar fora do jogo governamental. Mostrarei ainda que as lutas políticas contra a saturação do jogo governamental podem (...) ser pensadas como um desdobramento da atitude crítica. Finalmente, procurarei demonstrar que a tentativa cotidiana de viver e refletir democraticamente diante de um exercício autoritário do poder, como se pôde vislumbrar especialmente nos últimos anos no Brasil, pode ser entendida como um gesto de ressignificação da atitude crítica. A problematização deste campo de análise não foi diretamente tratada por Foucault, mas tem se tornado um objeto de estudo irrenunciável para o diagnóstico político de nosso presente. (shrink)

This article deals with the importance that Foucault attributes to the Critic of Pure Reason, in his book, The Order of Things . According to Foucault, the Critic occupies a symbolic place because of the problematic of finitude that this work inaugurates in the history of philosophy. First of all, Kant thinks about finitude from itself, and this differentiates him from Descartes, to whom this concept is referred to the infinite. Then, the Kantian finite transcendental subject is not an empirical (...) one, in contrast to the modern analyses of finitude, which confuse the empirical with the transcendental. In this respect, the Critic does not belong to the Classical Age any longer, because it bypasses the representation. But it cannot be included in the modern analyses of finitude either, such as those of the naturalistic positivism, the dialectic, and the phenomenology. Foucault thus suggests that the Critic brings with itself the possibility of an anthropology, in the sense it is a thought that imparts a transcendental value to the empirical contents, even if it does not belong to them. (shrink)

This paper intends to explore an aspect of Blumenberg’s metaphorology as memory of mankind and the ethical commitment derived from it. It is seen as the culmination of the fight that the human being maintains against the senselessness of reality. It manifests itself and it is perceived by a human being as theimmensurability of world time and life time (i.e. that the human being is born and dies), that impedes the human being from having all of the world i.e. the (...) satisfaction of its infinite desires. In the fight against finity technology and money play a vital role. They have in common the power to enable an expansion of human capacities over the boundaries of factual existence: through technology and money the human being can do more or, do the same in less time. That is: tobring closer life time and world time. But in this process the instrumental character of technology and money causes homogenisation in the societies where they thrive. That’s one of the characteristics of globalization. This homogenisation is to be understood as the forgetting of other essential possibilities of the human creation of meaning. Thus, what technological and monetary processes construct on one side, come to be destroyed on the other side. Blumenberg’s metaphorology is the adequate response: it is understood both as the self-consciousness of the process of reason in its making sense of the universe, and as an “ideal store” of everything the human being has come to make in this process. (shrink)

RESUMO Neste artigo, objetivamos explorar os cruzamentos entre as lutas empreendidas por Michel Foucault no início dos anos setenta e o desenvolvimento de conceitos, como os de sobressaber e sobrepoder no curso "Théories et institutions pénales", a fim de entender como a insurreição dos saberes sujeitados, mencionada em "Il faut défendre la société", pode ser também identificada nos movimentos operários e em outras formas de luta, diante do excesso de saber posto ao serviço da concentração e burocratização do poder. Propomo-nos (...) analisar ainda os desdobramentos teóricos da dinástica do saber, tratada em "Théories et institutions pénales" e em passagens de "Dits et écrits", principalmente pela sua diferença em relação à leitura althusseriana do conceito de ideologia. Nesse sentido, pretendemos indicar até que ponto o permanente afastamento foucaultiano do conceito de ideologia no começo dos anos setenta permitiu-lhe isolar a ideia de dinástica do saber como uma primeira delimitação da analítica do poder. ABSTRACT In this paper we aim to explore the intersections between the struggles undertaken by Michel Foucault in the early seventies and the development of concepts such as over-learn and over- power in the course "Théories et Institutions pénales", in order to understand how the insurrection of subjected knowledges, mentioned in "Il faut défendre la société", can also be identified in labor movements and in other forms of clash, before the excessive knowledge put at the service of concentration and bureaucratization of power. We propose further examination on the theoretical developments of the dynastics of knowledge mentioned in "Théories et Institutions pénales" and in passages from "Dits et écrits", mainly because of its difference from Althusser's reading of that ideology concept. We intend to show to what extent the permanent removal of Foucault's ideology concept in the early seventies allowed him to isolate the dynastics of knowledge idea as a first delimitation of the analytics of power. (shrink)

No curso La société punitive, Michel Foucault indica até que ponto as lutas em torno do poder político produzem efeitos de realidade. Um deles é o nascimento de um novo sistema de penalidade no começo do século XIX. Ele surge de uma reconfiguração das lutas políticas em relação ao século XVIII. O conceito explicativo que fundamenta essa reconfiguração é o de ilegalismo, retomado mais tarde em Vigiar e punir. No século XVIII, ele designa um conjunto de transgressões de ordem política (...) que são toleradas e praticadas por diferentes agentes sociais, dentre eles a burguesia; no decorrer do século XIX, as lutas e resistências das camadas populares e trabalhadores contra o sistema político vigente deixam de ser toleradas e são tipificadas como infração à ordem estabelecida pela nascente penalidade burguesa. A transformação dos ilegalismos em ilegalidades é coetânea à elaboração de táticas de inserção da moral punitiva no interior do sistema penal. No artigo, percorremos a mudança estatuto das lutas políticas em torno do poder e em que sentido a nova penalidade não deixa de ser a continuidade da guerra social por outros meios. Enfatizamos, enfim, a importância do conceito de guerra civil introduzido nesse curso, tanto para a elaboração teórica da analítica do poder quanto pelo seu cruzamento com as lutas do presente em torno das práticas judiciárias. (shrink)